Introduction to 10-19

  1. A) Introduction to 10-19 with beads.

Material

  • Nine ’10’ golden bead bars
  • Short bead stair (coloured bead bars).

Direct aim

To connect quantity, name and symbol.

Age of great interest

4½+ years.

Presentation

Using the ten golden bead bars and the coloured bead bars, the teens are presented with a 3-period lesson starting with 11, 12 and 13.

First Period Lesson:

  1. Take a ‘ten’ bar and next to it place the coloured ‘one’ unit: ’10 + 1 makes eleven’.
  2. Place the coloured ‘two’ bar the same way: ’10 + 2 makes twelve’ and so on, pointing out in sequence-eleven,twelve,thirteen.

Second Period Lesson

  1. Mix up the beads and form the three numbers out of sequence.
  2. Ask the child “Where is the twelve?” “Which is the eleven?” “Show me the thirteen.”
  3. Also ask the child to make the number you ask for.

Third Period Lesson

  1. Ask the child to make any of the numbers he likes and to name it.
  2. When the child has learnt all the teen names, they are laid out in sequence and counted.

Direct Aim: To show the construction of the numbers from 11 to 19 in concrete material.

Note: This material is generally given after the Decimal System, but some children prefer to work with the teens after work with the spindles, and counters and cards.

Age of great interest

4+ years. 

B) Introduction to 10-19 WITH BOARDS.

The slide in cards are already in place on these boards. Under 1-5 and 6-9 are zeros.

Material

  • 2 boards, each divided into five compartments. 
  • In nine of the set compartments a large ’10’ is printed in black. 
  • A set of cards printed with figures 1 -9 which will slide into the boards covering the nought.

Presentation

The symbols are presented with a 3-period lesson. First of all, point out to the child that the noughts on the teen board are on the right in the units’ place and that the ‘one’ is in the ‘tens’ place.

[Picture]

First Period Lesson

  1. Isolate 1-3 in the cards.
  2. Slip ‘1’ in the first slot-say ’10 plus one equals eleven’. ‘This is eleven’.
  3. Place ‘2’ in the next slot-’10 plus 2 equals twelve’.
  4. Place ‘3’ in the next slot-’10 plus 3 equals thirteen.
  5. ‘Eleven, Twelve, Thirteen.’

Second Period Lesson

  1. Put the three cards in, and ask which is thirteen, eleven, twelve, Muddle them.
  2. Also ask the child to form the numbers you ask for.

Third Period Lesson

  1. Ask the child to form any of the numbers and say what it is. He will generally do this in sequence.
  2. If he continues to do so, form the numbers out of order and ask the child what they are.

Direct aim

To connect the name and the symbol.

Age of great interest

4+ years.

C) Introduction to 10-19 (quantity and symbol): Teens with boards and beads.

Presentation

  1. The beads are laid out on the child’s left-the teen board in the center and the cards on the right.
  2. A golden ten bar is placed opposite each section of the teen board.
  3. The colored ‘one unit’ is placed beside the first bar “What is this?” – “Eleven”.
  4. ‘Now here we put the card “one” in the units’ place on the board. This is eleven.’
  5. The colored ‘two’ is placed in the correct position. When this has been completed, in sequence, and repeated a couple of times, ask the child to make e.g.: 14 with the beads and the cards.
  6. When he is very sure of all the numbers with the quantity and symbol, he should lay the numbers out in sequence.